I
n Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queen, women serve as both obstacles and aids on the Redcrosse Knight’s physical and spiritual journey. They function as tests and teachers; exposing his flaws and weaknesses while teaching him how they can ultimately be overcome.
The women in the poem illustrate how even a seemingly perfect knight is vulnerable to vices if lacking in virtue.
Holiness in and of itself is not enough to reach salvation.
Shallow holiness, lacking the crucial spiritual element, is weak and can easily be led in the wrong direction.
But holiness accompanied by true faith can overcome perilous obstacles, be they spiritual or physical.
When Redcrosse begins his quest, he is near sighted and foolish. Through his encounters with women, he realizes the deeper meaning of his mission and his true goal, becoming wiser and stronger in the process.
Redcrosse believes he is on a quest to slay the dragon that has been terrorizing Una’s village. While this is not untrue, it is only one aspect of his mission. Physically, he must slay the dragon, but the fulfillment of this goal affects the destiny of Redcrosse’s soul. Blind to this aspect, he searches the woods for any physical adventure in which he can partake. He is accompanied by Una, who represents true faith, but he is deaf to her warnings and advice. Against her wishes, he enters the dark cave inhabited by the monster Error, believing that it is his duty as a knight to fight all monsters, regardless of the threat they pose.
“Ah Ladie,” said he, “shame were to revoke
the forward footing for an hidden shade:
vertue gives her selfe lighte, through darknesse for to wade.” (Canto 1, 106-108)
Redcrosse fails to see the foolishness of his decision to unnecessarily put himself in harm’s way. Ha fails to realize the potential consequences of his actions – that if he were to be killed by the monster, he would be unable to slay the dragon that threatens Una’s people. He lacks the virtues he speaks of, and Una’s presence and suggestions, in combination with his physical strength, allow him to defeat the grotesque female monster. This is not the only time that Una’s guidance will be needed to assist Redcrosse when he is tempted to stray from his designated path.
Redcrosse is not driven by his own desires to compete his goal and fulfill his oath. His mission is an external pressure is apply new female companion, Fidessa, is more successful than Una in her attempts to guide him. But just as Una was true and virtuous, she is false and wicked and capitalizes on his vices in order to lead him astray.
Redcrosse is not the only man who becomes a victim of his own vice at the hands of a woman. Another knight, Sit Terwin, is driven to suicide by the actions of a proud lover who enjoyed seeing him suffer. Left defenseless, Despair persuades him to take his won life.